Kapp’s Regulation

Kapp had designed a diagram shown in Figure 1.42 to determine the regulation at any power factor. The description of the construction of the diagram is shown below.

Figure 1.42 Kapp’s Diagram

Load current (I₂) is taken as a reference phasor. OA representing V₂ is drawn at angle θ₂ with I₂. AB represents I₂R₀₂ drawn parallel to I₂, whereas BC represents I₂X₀₂ drawn perpendicular to AB, i.e., I₂. Here OC represents secondary emf (₀V₂ = E₂) at no-load. The circle 1 known as often circuit EMF circle is drawn with O as centre and OC as radius. The line OO^′ is drawn parallel to AC representing I₂Z₀₂. With O^′ as centre and OA as radius, the circle 2 known as terminal voltage circle is drawn, which intersects with circle 1 at the points D and E. The region above and below the reference line represents the lagging and leading power factors region, respectively. The point D is the point corresponding to zero regulation. The intercept FG gives the maximum regulation, which is drawn through O and drawn parallel to AC. The regulation at any power factor angle θ is obtained by extending OA to meet the outer circle at H. The regulation at the required power factor cosθ is represented by AH, which is the intercept between the two circles.