Kapp’s Regulation
Kapp had designed a diagram shown in Figure 1.42 to determine the regulation at any power factor. The description of the construction…
Losses In A Transformer
Two types of losses occur in a transformer: Core loss or iron loss occurs in a transformer because it is subjected to…
Open Circuit Test Or No-Load Test
Figure 1.35 Open Circuit Test From this test, we can determine core loss and no-load current (I0) of the transformer. Figure 1.35 shows…
Parallel Operation Of Single-Phase Transformer
It is required to connect a second transformer in parallel with the first transformer if the load exceeds the rating of the…
All-Day Efficiency
The ratio of output in watts to input in watts is called commercial efficiency of a transformer. Distribution transformers are used for supplying lighting…
Basic Terms In Electrical Machine
INDUCED EMF An emf is induced in the conductor either (i) dynamically or (ii) statically. In the first case, the conductor will…
Buchholz Relay
Figure 1.19 shows Buchholz relay having two elements mounted in a small chamber. It is located in the pipe connection between the…
Calculation For Voltage Regulation
The voltage regulation up is expressed mathematically by Positive sign is for lagging power factor and negative sign is for leading power…
Concentric Windings In Transformer
Figure 1.10 Concentric Windings Concentric windings are classified into four following groups: (i) Spiral windings. (ii) Helical windings. (iii) Cross-over windings. (iv) Continuous…
Conservator And Breather
Satisfactory operation of a transformer solely depends on the condition of the oil. It is required to keep the oil clean and…